What is the primary function of converter stations in electrical systems?

The primary function of converter stations in electrical systems is to convert alternating current (A/C) to direct current (D/C) and vice versa. This process is essential for the integration of renewable energy sources, long-distance transmission of electricity, and the interconnection of different power grids with varying characteristics. Converter stations make it possible to effectively transmit power over long distances with reduced losses, as D/C transmission can be more efficient than A/C over vast distances.

In many applications, particularly in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, the ability to switch between A/C and D/C allows for flexibility in the management of the electrical grid, enabling better control over power flows and improving overall system reliability. This makes the correct answer significant in understanding how electricity is managed, especially in large-scale power infrastructure.

While other choices touch on important aspects of electrical systems, they either refer to functions that are not the primary role of converter stations or involve processes that are conducted by different types of equipment or control systems.