What devices do converter stations use to convert AC to DC and vice versa?

Converter stations are essential components in the process of transforming electrical energy from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and vice versa. Thyristor semiconductor devices are the primary technology used in these converter stations due to their ability to handle high voltages and currents efficiently.

Thyristors function as electronic switches that can control the flow of electricity and are highly efficient in the conversion process. Their capability to perform well in power applications makes them suitable for use in high-power environments, such as those found in converter stations for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. This ensures that the conversion from AC to DC, or from DC back to AC, occurs with minimal energy loss and maximum reliability.

While transistors do play a role in electronic circuit operations, and diodes are fundamental components in rectification (transforming AC to DC), it is the thyristor's unique characteristics that specifically make it advantageous for high-power applications within converter stations. Integrated circuits, on the other hand, are typically found in control and processing applications rather than in the direct conversion of AC to DC or vice versa.

Understanding the pivotal role of thyristor semiconductor devices in converter stations highlights their importance in modern power systems, particularly in the context of renewable energy